Wallingford is a historical market town and also civil parish situated to the south of Oxford on the River Thames in England. Historically located in the county of Berkshire, it was moved to Oxfordshire for the purposes of administration in 1974. Wallingford is positioned 12 miles (19 kilometres) north of Reading, 13 miles (21 kilometres) south of Oxford and also 11 miles (18 kilometres) north west of Henley-on-Thames. The community's population was 11,600 in the 2011 census. The community has played an essential role in English history starting with the surrender of Stigand to William the Conqueror in 1066, which resulted in his taking the throne and the production of Wallingford Castle. The castle and the community took pleasure in imperial condition as well as prospered for much of the Middle Ages. The Treaty of Wallingford, which ended a civil war referred to as The Anarchy in between King Stephen and Empress Matilda, was signed there. The town then entered a period of decline after the arrival of the Black Death and befalling of favour with the Tudor monarchs prior to being called on once again during the English Civil War. Wallingford held up as the last continuing to be Royalist stronghold in Berkshire before surrendering after a 16-week siege. Fearing that Wallingford Castle could be used in a future uprising, Oliver Cromwell bought its damage. Ever since Wallingford has come to be a market community and also centre of local commerce. At the centre of the community is a huge open market square with the war memorial and 17th century arcaded town hall to the south, the Corn Exchange theatre to the east and also countless shops around the sides. Off the square there are alleys as well as roads with even more shops and also a number of historic inns. Although it was a town, Wallingford once had 14 churches; now, there are three ancient churches within the Church of St Mary-le-More and also St Leonard, a modern-day Roman Catholic church, a Quaker Meeting House dating from 1724 and also Baptist, Methodist and neighborhood churches.