Burford is a tiny medieval town on the River Windrush, in the Cotswold hills, in the West Oxfordshire area of Oxfordshire, England. It is usually described as the 'portal' to the Cotswolds. Burford is located 18 miles (29 km) west of Oxford and also 22 miles (35 kilometres) southeast of Cheltenham, regarding 2 miles (3 kilometres) from the Gloucestershire boundary. The toponym derives from the Old English words burh indicating fortified community or hilltown and also ford, the going across of a river. The 2011 Census recorded the population of Burford parish as 1,410 as well as Burford Ward as 1,847. The town centre's most notable structure is the Church of St John the Baptist, a Church of England parish church, which is a Grade I listed structure. Described by David Verey as "a complex building which has established in an interested way from the Norman", it is recognized for its merchants' guild chapel, memorial to Henry VIII's barber-surgeon, Edmund Harman, featuring South American Indians and Kempe discolored glass. In 1649 the church was used as a jail during the Civil War, when the New Model Army Banbury mutineers were held there. A few of the 340 detainees left makings and graffiti, which still survive in the church. The town centre likewise has some 15th-century residences and the baroque design townhouse that is now Burford Methodist Church. In between the 14th and 17th centuries Burford was necessary for its woollen trade. The Tolsey, midway along Burford's High Street, which was when the focal point for profession, is now a museum.