Launceston
Launceston is a town, old district, and also civil parish in Cornwall, England, UK. It is 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the middle phase of the River Tamar, which comprises virtually the whole boundary in between Cornwall and Devon. The landscape of the community is generally steep particularly at a sharp south-western knoll covered by Launceston Castle. These slopes fall down to the River Kensey and also smaller sized tributaries. The town centre itself is bypassed as well as is no more physically a major thoroughfare. The A388 still runs through the community near to the centre. The community stays figuratively the "entrance to Cornwall", as a result of having the A30, among the two dual carriageways right into the region, pass directly next to the community. The various other twin carriageway as well as alternative bottom line of entrance is the A38 at Saltash over the Tamar Bridge as well as was finished in 1962. There are smaller sized points of entry to Cornwall on minor roadways. Launceston Steam Railway narrow-gauge heritage railway runs as a visitor attraction throughout the summer season. It was recovered for aesthetic and commercial heritage purposes and also leaves a brief rural route, it is popular with site visitors however does not run for much of the year. Launceston Castle was constructed by Robert, Count of Mortain (half-brother of William the Conqueror) c. 1070 to control the surrounding area. Launceston was the caput of the feudal barony of Launceston and of the Earldom of Cornwall until replaced by Lostwithiel in the 13th century. Launceston was later on the county town of Cornwall up until 1835 when Bodmin changed it. Two civil parishes offer the town and also its borders, of which the central even more built-up administrative system housed 8,952 locals at the 2011 census. 3 electoral wards consist of reference to the community, their complete population, from 2011 census data, being 11,837 and 2 ecclesiastical churches serve the former single church, with three churches and also a big swathe of land to the north and west part of the area. Launceston's motto "Royale et Loyale" (English translation: Royal and Loyal) is a referral to its adherence to the Cavalier cause throughout the English Civil War of the mid-17th century.