Banff is a town in the Banff and Buchan area of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Banff is situated on Banff Bay and faces the town of Macduff across the estuary of the River Banff is a former royal burgh, and is the county town of the historical area of Banffshire. Banff's first castle was developed to fend off Viking intruders as well as a charter of 1163 AD reveals that Malcolm IV was living there at that time. During this period the town was a hectic trading centre in the "free hanse" of Northern Scottish burghs, in spite of not having its very own harbour till 1775. The very first taped Sheriff of Banff was Richard de Strathewan in 1264, and in 1372 Royal Burgh condition was given by King Robert II. By the 15th century Banff was among 3 principal towns exporting salmon to the continent of Europe, in addition to Aberdeen as well as Montrose. There was a lot of lawlessness in seventeenth-century Scotland, and some of the most awful transgressors were participants of the nobility. According to records kept by historian William Cramond, the tolbooth (court house and also prison) of Banff was, in 1628, the site of a run-in in between Lord Banff and also James Ogilvie, his relative. Apparently, he struck James Ogilvie upon the head with a baton during a court hearing. Twenty of his buddies as well as followers after that assaulted Ogilvie with swords prior to chasing him into the street and also finishing him off with a handgun shot. Banff and Macduff are divided by the valley of the River Deveron. This unpredictable river was finally tamed by the 7 curved bridge finished in 1779 by John Smeaton. An earlier bridge had actually been constructed in 1765, however was swept away in 1768. The old ferry was restored into usage, until it was shed in a flood in 1773. A public meeting was held in 1800 and also passed a resolution for the building of a turnpike road in between Turiff and also Banff as the existing roadway remained in a depressing state of fixing. Later on 19th century transport enhancements included the structure of 2 railway lines, from Macduff to Turiff in 1860 as well as the Banff, Portsoy as well as Strathisla Train in 1859 which attached to the main Aberdeen to Inverness line. Throughout the 19th Century the Banff Fishery Area (consisting of the ports from Crovie to Sandend) was necessary to the herring profession, with production peaking in 1853 at greater than sixty-thousand barrels, of which almost thirty-four thousand were exported, however by 1912 production had actually declined to simply over 8 thousand barrels. Presently, the languages spoken in the community and in its location tend to be the Doric dialect of Scots, as well as English.